Mark A. Kay, M.D.,\u00a0PhD<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\nDennis Farrey Family Professor, Head, Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics at Stanford University School of Medicine<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=”3.27.3″ toggle_font=”||||||||” custom_margin=”15px|||”][et_pb_accordion_item open=”on” _builder_version=”3.27.3″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_toggle_content=”margin-top:-30px;”]<\/p>\n
Professor \u00a0Kay received his \u00a0B.S. in physical sciences from Michigan State University, a Ph.D. in Developmental Genetics and M.D. from Case Western Reserve University. Afterwards, Dr. Kay pursued additional medical training and triple board certification in Pediatrics, Medical Genetics, and Inborn Errors of Metabolism at the Baylor College of Medicine. He was appointed to the faculty at the University of Washington in 1993 and moved to Stanford University in 1998.<\/p>\n
Professor Kay\u2019s lab made seminal contributions in the field of gene \u00a0and nucleic acid based therapeutics. His early work on developing \u00a0recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors led to the first clinical trial where such a \u00a0vector was administered systemically into humans, and in which he held the original IND. \u00a0His lab has made important contributions in the area of miRNA biogenesis, their mechanisms of action, and RNAi therapeutics. \u00a0While his lab continues to work in these areas, his group was one of the first to promote the idea that tRNA derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) \u00a0were not mere degradation products but rather molecules that play important roles in gene regulation. His lab has shown that one type of tsRNA functions in regulating ribosome biogenesis and is a potential target for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. Professor Kay has published over 250 papers, is currently the deputy editor of Human Gene Therapy, and serves on the editorial boards of other peer-reviewed publications.<\/p>\n
Dr. Kay served on the Board of Directors of the Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Society for 10 years. He was on the founding board of the \u00a0of the American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy, and served as its President in 2005-2006. He was the \u00a0recipient of the society\u2019s Outstanding Investigator Award in 2013. \u00a0Dr. Kay received the E. Mead Johnson Award for Research in Pediatrics in 2000. He was elected to the American Society for Clinical Investigation in 1997 and the Association for American Physicians in 2010. \u00a0He has organized many national and international conferences, including the first Gordon Conference dedicated to gene therapy. \u00a0Professor Kay has and continues to serve on various commercial and academic boards. \u00a0He is a scientific co-founder of Voyager Therapeutics, and a co-founder of LogicBio Therapeutics.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Presentation Title” _builder_version=”3.27.3″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
The role of tRNA derived small RNAs in gene regulation \u2013 a potential target for \u00a0a new cancer therapeutic<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Summary” _builder_version=”3.27.3″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
The function of tRNAs is not merely to provide the specific amino acids for a growing peptide chain during protein synthesis. \u00a0tRNAs can be cleaved into various tRNA derived small RNAs. Prof. Kay will provide a brief introduction into this field, and describe the role and mechanism of how specific tsRNAs regulate ribosome biogenesis as well as why they represent potential targets for cancer treatment. He will provide an update on current approaches we are developing to help us identify biological targets of the myriad of various tsRNAs present in various cell types.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”0″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”2px|0|72px|0px|false|false” locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Muthiah-Manoharan.jpg” align=”center” _builder_version=”3.26.3″ max_width=”70%” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”90px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|desktop” always_center_on_mobile=”off” locked=”off”]
\n[\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#7e7f93″ text_font_size=”18px” header_font=”||||||||” header_3_font=”Merriweather|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#4646c4″ header_3_font_size=”36px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”15px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” inline_fonts=”Arial”]<\/p>\n
Muthiah Manoharan, PhD<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\nSenior Vice-President, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, USA<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=”3.26.8″ toggle_font=”||||||||” custom_margin=”15px|||”][et_pb_accordion_item open=”on” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_toggle_content=”margin-top:-30px;”]<\/p>\n
Dr. Muthiah (Mano) Manoharan serves as a Senior Vice President, Scientific Advisory Board Member, and a Distinguished Research Scientist at Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. In 2003, he was the first chemist hired at Alnylam. He and his team pioneered the discovery and development of the chemical modifications that make RNA interference-based human therapeutics possible. This \u00a0work led to ONPATTRO (Patisiran), the first RNAi therapeutic approved by FDA in 2018. \u00a0Dr. Manoharan has had a distinguished career as a world-leading chemist in the areas of oligonucleotide chemical modifications, conjugation chemistry, and delivery platforms (lipid nanoparticles, polymer conjugates, and complex-forming strategies). Dr. Manoharan and his research group demonstrated for the first time the human therapeutic applications of GalNAc-conjugated oligonucleotides at Alnylam, a platform that has revolutionized the nucleic acid-based therapeutics field with several compounds in the advanced clinical trials. \u00a0He is an author of more than 215 publications (nearly 43,000 citations with an h-index of 94 and an i10-index of 367) and over 400 abstracts, as well as an inventor of over 225 issued U.S. patents. \u00a0Prior to Alnylam, Dr. Manoharan worked at Ionis (formerly Isis) Pharmaceuticals and Lifecodes Corporation in the field of antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics. He received the M. L. Wolfrom Award from the American Chemical Society Carbohydrate Chemistry Division in 2007 for his contributions to this field. He has been recognized as the Lifetime Achievement Awardee of the Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Society for the year 2019.\u00a0<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Presentation Title” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
\u201cBiomimetic Chemistry of \u00a0RNAi Therapeutics\u201d<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Summary” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
\u2022 <\/span>Recent Advances in RNAi Therapeutics<\/p>\n\u2022 <\/span>Methods of Delivery<\/p>\n\u2022 <\/span>Advances in GalNAc platform<\/p>\n\u2022 <\/span>Addressing off-target effects<\/p>\n\u2022 <\/span>Extra-hepatic Delivery<\/p>\n\u2022 <\/span>Novel siRNA Chemistries<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”0″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”2px|0|72px|0px|false|false” locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Ekkehard-Leberer.jpg” align=”center” _builder_version=”3.26.3″ max_width=”70%” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”90px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|desktop” always_center_on_mobile=”off” locked=”off”]
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Ekkehard Leberer, PhD<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\nProfessor of Biochemistry<\/em><\/span>
Senior Director of R&D Alliance Management, Sanofi, Germany<\/i><\/span>
Scientific Managing Director of COMPACT Consortium, Innovative Medicines Initiative, Brussels, Belgium<\/i><\/span>
<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=”3.26.8″ toggle_font=”||||||||” custom_margin=”15px|||”][et_pb_accordion_item open=”on” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_toggle_content=”margin-top:-30px;”]<\/p>\n
Dr. Leberer received his Ph.D. in Biology at the University of Konstanz, Germany (1986), conducted post-doctoral training in molecular biology at the Banting and Best Institute of the University of Toronto, Canada. He then obtained the Habilitation for Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Konstanz, Germany (1992). From 1989-1998, he served as Senior Research Officer in genetics and genomics at the Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal. He was also Adjunct Professor at McGill University, Montreal.<\/p>\n
Since joining Hoechst Marion Roussel in 1998, Dr. Leberer carried out various managing roles in this company, Sanofi\u2019s predecessor companies and Sanofi itself, including responsibilities in functional genomics, biological sciences and external innovation for oligonucleotide-based therapeutics. Since 2012, he is Global Alliance Manager for R&D at Sanofi, Frankfurt. In addition, from 2012-2018, he has been the Scientific Managing Director of the Innovative Medicines Initiative COMPACT Consortium on the delivery of biopharmaceuticals across biological barriers and cellular membranes, Brussels.<\/p>\n
His research has focused on the molecular mechanisms of signal transduction and the role of signalling molecules in human diseases. He is the co-discoverer of the p21 activated protein kinase (PAK) family of cell signalling proteins and of novel virulence-inducing genes in pathogenic fungi. He is co-author of more than 60 publications in prestigious peer-reviewed journals including Nature and Science.<\/p>\n
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MiRNA Therapeutics: From Discovery to the Bedside<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Summary” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
The non-coding genome makes up 98.8% of the human genome. Most of this non-coding genome is transcribed into non-coding RNAs that may play an important role in cellular regulation in health and disease; these non-coding RNAs could be novel targets for future medicines.<\/p>\n
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that regulate biochemical pathways and networks of pathways by the mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi). MicroRNA-21 has been implicated in multiple organs as a microRNA associated with fibrotic diseases and cancer.<\/p>\n
The presentation will summarize the opportunities and challenges of developing microRNA-based drugs and will illustrate the successful generation of an anti-fibrotic microRNA-based therapeutic approach by targeting microRNA-21 with an antisense oligonucleotide (anti-miR-21). This microRNA-based drug is now in a phase 2 clinical trial for a fibrotic kidney disease called Alport Syndrome.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”0″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”2px|0|72px|0px|false|false” locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Bryan-Dickinson.jpg” align=”center” _builder_version=”3.26.3″ max_width=”70%” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”90px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|desktop” always_center_on_mobile=”off” locked=”off”]
\n[\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#7e7f93″ text_font_size=”18px” header_font=”||||||||” header_3_font=”Merriweather|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#4646c4″ header_3_font_size=”36px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”15px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” inline_fonts=”Arial”]<\/p>\n
Bryan C. Dickinson,\u00a0PhD<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\nAssociate Professor of Chemistry, University of Chicago, USA<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=”3.26.8″ toggle_font=”||||||||” custom_margin=”15px|||”][et_pb_accordion_item open=”on” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_toggle_content=”margin-top:-30px;”]<\/p>\n
Dr. Dickinson earned his B.S. in Biochemistry from the University of Maryland, College Park and his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of California at Berkeley for work performed with Professor Christopher Chang. His graduate work focused on the synthesis and application of small molecule fluorescent probes for the detection of hydrogen peroxide in living systems. Then, as a Jane Coffin Childs Memorial postdoctoral fellow with Professor David Liu at Harvard University, he developed new methods to rapidly evolve proteins to perform novel functions. Bryan joined the faculty at the University of Chicago in the Department of Chemistry in the Summer of 2014 and was promoted to Associate Professor in 2019. The Dickinson Group employs synthetic organic chemistry, molecular evolution, and protein design to develop molecular technologies to study chemistry in living systems. The group’s current primary research interests include: 1) how lipid modifications on proteins are controlled and regulate cell signaling, 2) developing new evolution technologies to reprogram and control biomolecular interactions, and 3) engineering protein-based systems to understand and exploit epitranscriptomic regulation. The motivating principle of the Dickinson Group is that our ability as chemists to create functional molecules through both rational and evolutionary approaches will lead to new breakthroughs in biology and biotechnology.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Presentation Title” _builder_version=”3.26.3″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
Humanized synthetic biology approaches to exploit RNA regulation<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Summary” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
Epitranscriptomic regulation controls information flow through the central dogma and provides unique opportunities for manipulating cell state at the RNA level. However, potential translational opportunities around RNA-targeting therapeutics are impeded by a lack of effective methods to target specific RNAs with effector proteins. The most common current approaches rely on large, microbially-derived systems that pose challenges when deployed as potential therapeutic strategies. To address this challenge, I will present the CRISPR\/Cas-inspired RNA targeting system (CIRTS), a new protein engineering strategy for constructing programmable RNA regulatory systems constructed entirely from human protein parts. CIRTS represents a simple and generalizable approach to deliver a range of effector proteins to target transcripts, including nucleases, degradation machinery, translational activators, and base editors, which is also smaller than current Cas-based systems. The small size and human-derived nature of CIRTS provides a less-perturbative method for fundamental studies as well as a potential strategy to avoid immune issues when applied to epitranscriptomic therapies.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”0″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”2px|0|72px|0px|false|false” locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/David-Corey.jpg” align=”center” _builder_version=”3.26.3″ max_width=”70%” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”90px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|desktop” always_center_on_mobile=”off” locked=”off”]
\n[\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#7e7f93″ text_font_size=”18px” header_font=”||||||||” header_3_font=”Merriweather|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#4646c4″ header_3_font_size=”36px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”15px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” inline_fonts=”Arial”]<\/p>\n
David Corey, PhD<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\nRusty Kelley Professor of Medical Sciences<\/i><\/span>
Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry<\/i><\/span>
UT Southwestern Medical Center<\/i><\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=”3.26.8″ toggle_font=”||||||||” custom_margin=”15px|||”][et_pb_accordion_item open=”on” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_toggle_content=”margin-top:-30px;”]<\/p>\n
Dr. Corey received his B.A. degree from Harvard in 1985 and then conducted his graduate work at University of California Berkeley Chemistry Department under the direction of Dr. Peter Schultz, receiving his Ph.D. in 1990. After postdoctoral work under the direction of Dr. Charles Craik at the University of California San Francisco Dr. Corey began his independent career at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in 1992. Dr. Corey studies how chemically modified nucleic acids can be used to control gene expression. Ongoing project include activation of frataxin protein expression as a potential treatment for Friedreich\u2019s Ataxia, understanding the role of RNAi in mammalian cell nuclei, and understanding the molecular causation and potential treatment of Fuchs\u2019 Dystrophy, a disease caused by mutant trinucleotide repeat RNA.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Presentation Title” _builder_version=”3.26.3″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
Understanding and applying RNAi in mammalian cell nuclei<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Summary” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
RNAi is usually associated with the targeting of mRNA leading to inhibition of gene translation in the cytoplasm. We have observed that miRNAs and RNAi proteins like argonaute are also found in the nuclei of human cells. Duplex RNAs can be used to control gene transcription and splicing. We have appliced these insights from basic science to the development of synthetic nucleic acids that modulate expression of genes associated with disease. Friedreich’s Ataxia (FRDA) is an incurable genetic disorder caused by an mutant expansion of the trinucleotide GAA within an intronic FXN RNA that leads to reduced expression of frataxin (FXN) protein. Synthetic agents that increase levels of FXN protein might alleviate the disease. We demonstrate that introducing anti\u00acGAA duplex RNAs or single\u00acstranded locked nucleic acids (LNAs) into patient\u00acderived cells increases FXN expression to levels similar to analogous wild\u00actype cells. Our data identify synthetic nucleic acids as a strategy for restoring curative FXN levels.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”0″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”2px|0|72px|0px|false|false” locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Rory-Johnson.jpg” align=”center” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ max_width=”70%” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”90px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|desktop” always_center_on_mobile=”off” locked=”off”]
\n[\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#7e7f93″ text_font_size=”18px” header_font=”||||||||” header_3_font=”Merriweather|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#4646c4″ header_3_font_size=”36px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”15px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” inline_fonts=”Arial”]<\/p>\n
Rory Johnson, PhD<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\nJunior Group Leader at the Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research (NCCR) \u2018RNA & Disease\u2019.<\/i><\/span> <\/i><\/span><\/span>
\nDepartment of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland.<\/i><\/span>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=”3.26.8″ toggle_font=”||||||||” custom_margin=”15px|||”][et_pb_accordion_item open=”on” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_toggle_content=”margin-top:-30px;”]<\/p>\nRory Johnson\u2019s research program focusses on long noncoding RNAs, their basic biology and their roles in disease, using a combination of bioinformatics and CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering. Johnson received his MSc in Physics from Imperial College, London, in 2000. He won a Wellcome Trust PhD scholarship at the University of Leeds (UK), where he wrote a thesis on transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in the mammalian nervous system in 2006. His growing interest in lncRNAs led him first to the Genome Institute of Singapore, then to Roderic Guigo\u2019s lab at the Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona. Here, supported by a Ramon y Cajal fellowship, he worked with the GENCODE annotation project on methods to catalogue lncRNAs in the human and mouse genomes. During this same period, Johnson became interested in the potential of new CRISPR-Cas9 technology to address the great unanswered questions of the lncRNA field: which ones are functional, and which may be targeted in disease? This has been the objective of the Johnson laboratory at the University Hospital of Bern, composed of around 12 researchers, equally split between bioinformaticians and experimentalists. The lab has created a range of CRISPR tools for genome-wide functional screening of lncRNAs in cancer. They are also active members of GENCODE, the International Cancer Genome Consortium and the NCCR \u2018RNA & Disease\u2019. Finally, Johnson is involved in Knowledge and Technology Transfer, promoting collaborations between the pharmaceutical industry and NCCR research groups, to accelerate commercialization of RNA biology.<\/p>\n
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Driving in the Dark: Hunting for Long Noncoding RNAs in Cancer<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Summary” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
Conventional therapies for cancer, which target proteins using small molecules, are generally unable to provide effective and long lasting treatment. The recent discovery of tens of thousands of uncharacterized long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in our genome, represents an exciting opportunity to develop new therapies, with enduring efficacy and low side-effects. We are working on a range of methods, both bioinformatic and experimental, to screen the vast space of lncRNAs for those with cancer-promoting activity. I will present an update on our latest results.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”0″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”2px|0|72px|0px|false|false” locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Xiaohu-Gao.jpg” align=”center” _builder_version=”3.26.3″ max_width=”70%” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”90px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|desktop” always_center_on_mobile=”off” locked=”off”]
\n[\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#7e7f93″ text_font_size=”18px” header_font=”||||||||” header_3_font=”Merriweather|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#4646c4″ header_3_font_size=”36px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”15px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” inline_fonts=”Arial”]<\/p>\n
Xiaohu Gao, PhD<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\nProfessor of Bioengineering, University of Washington, USA<\/span>
<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=”3.26.8″ toggle_font=”||||||||” custom_margin=”15px|||”][et_pb_accordion_item open=”on” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_toggle_content=”margin-top:-30px;”]<\/p>\n
Dr. Gao received his B.S. degree from Nankai University in China (1998), his Ph.D. degree in chemistry from Indiana University, Bloomington (2004), and his postdoctoral training from the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and the Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University. He has been a faculty member in the Department of Bioengineering at the University of Washington since 2005. His research interests include cancer nanotechnology, molecular engineering, molecular imaging, and drug delivery. He has published >90 peer-reviewed journal articles.<\/p>\n
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Targeted intracellular delivery of siRNA<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Summary” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
Biomacromolecular agents such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and peptides are often superior in target binding specificity and easier to design compared to small-molecule drugs. A fundamental limitation for these large, highly water-soluble molecules, however, is their inability to access the intracellular space where the vast majority of biological activities take place. In this talk, I will discuss recent progresses we made on targeted intracellular delivery of biologics. This work has the potential to expand the target space for both diagnosis and therapy.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”0″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”2px|0|72px|0px|false|false” locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Dinshaw-Patel.jpg” align=”center” _builder_version=”3.26.3″ max_width=”70%” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”90px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|desktop” always_center_on_mobile=”off” locked=”off”]
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Dinshaw J. Patel, PhD<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\nMember and Abby Rockefeller Mauze Chair in Experimental Therapeutics<\/i><\/span>
Structural Biology Program Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center<\/i><\/span>
USA<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=”3.26.8″ toggle_font=”||||||||” custom_margin=”15px|||”][et_pb_accordion_item open=”on” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_toggle_content=”margin-top:-30px;”]<\/p>\n
Dr. Dinshaw Patel received his PhD in Chemistry from New York University in 1968 for research in photochemistry. Following postdoctoral training in Biochemistry and Biophysics, he became a joined AT&T Bell Labs and spent the next 15 years undertaking NMR-based studies of the structure and dynamics of cyclic peptides, proteins and nucleic acids. He moved to Columbia University Medical School in 2004 where his group spent the next 8 years doing NMR-based research on DNA mismatches, bulges and junctions, on DNA triplexes and G-quadruplexes, and drug-DNA complexes. He was recruited in 1992 to the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center to set up a Structural Biology program. His group\u2019s research initially focused on NMR-based studies of covalent chiral carcinogen-DNA adducts, and complexes of antibiotics and peptides with natural and in vitro selected RNA targets. His laboratory has applied x-ray crystallography to projects on RNA-mediated gene regulation, with subsequent extension to histone-mark and DNA-mark mediated epigenetic regulation, to lipid transfer proteins, to nucleic acid pattern recognition receptors, and more recently cryoEM approaches to study CRISPR-Cas surveillance complexes and their inhibition by anti-CRISPR proteins. His group has complemented their structural efforts with functional studies to deduce mechanistic insights into the biological systems of interest. Dr. Patel is a Member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Presentation Title” _builder_version=”3.26.3″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
Structural Biology of CRISPR-Cas Surveillance Complexes<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Summary” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
The role of RNA in information transfer and catalysis highlights its dual functionalities. Our ongoing research on RNA-mediated gene regulation has focused on CRISPR-Cas pathways involving ternary complexes of recently identified single-subunit Cas12 surveillance complexes with bound guide RNA and target DNA.<\/p>\n
The lecture component on multi-subunit CRISPR-Cas complexes will focus on the type I-A Csy and III-A Csm systems. \u00a0In the type III-A Csm system, we shall address mechanisms of target RNA binding and cleavage, as well as target RNA-activated ssDNA cleavage in the HEPN pocket and cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) formation from ATP in the Palm pocket. We will also highlight a timer mechanism whereby successive nicks of bound cOA within the CARF domain regulate the trans-acting Csm6 RNase activity of the adjacent HEPN domain.<\/p>\n
We have also investigated the impact of anti-CRISPR proteins in suppressing single- and multi-subunit CRISPR-Cas host defense pathways.<\/p>\n
The above studies were undertaken by postdoc Hui Yang (x-ray studies on single-subunit Cas 12) and in collaboration with the Sriram Subramaniam group at NCI (cryo-EM studies on multi-subunit type 1 Csy) and postdoc Ning Jia (x-ray and cryo-EM studies on multi-subunit type III-A Csm).<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”0″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”2px|0|72px|0px|false|false” locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Didier-Stainier-2.jpg” align=”center” _builder_version=”3.26.3″ max_width=”70%” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”90px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|desktop” always_center_on_mobile=”off” locked=”off”]
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Didier Stainier, Ph<\/span><\/strong>D<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\nDirector, Department of Developmental Genetics<\/i><\/span>
Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Germany<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=”3.26.8″ toggle_font=”||||||||” custom_margin=”15px|||”][et_pb_accordion_item open=”on” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_toggle_content=”margin-top:-30px;”]<\/p>\n
Dr. Didier Stainier is the director of the Department of Developmental Genetics at the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany. \u00a0He received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry and Biophysics from Harvard University where he studied the cellular basis of axon guidance and target recognition in the developing mouse brain with Walter Gilbert. \u00a0After a postdoc with Mark Fishman at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston) where he initiated the studies on zebrafish cardiac development, he spent close to 20 years at the University of California San Francisco, expanding his research to investigate questions of cell differentiation, tissue morphogenesis, organ homeostasis and function, as well as organ regeneration, in the zebrafish cardiovascular system and endodermal organs. \u00a0In 2012, he moved to the Max Planck Institute where he continues to utilize both forward and reverse genetic approaches to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms of developmental processes during vertebrate organ formation, in both zebrafish and mouse. \u00a0His lab also studies mechanisms of genetic compensation in zebrafish, mouse, C. elegans and yeast.<\/p>\n
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Biological Robustness: genetic compensation and transcriptional adaptation<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Summary” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
Genetic robustness, or the ability of an organism to maintain fitness in the presence of harmful mutations, can be achieved via protein feedback loops. \u00a0Previous work has suggested that organisms may also respond to mutations by transcriptional adaptation, a process by which related gene(s) are upregulated independently of protein feedback loops. However, the prevalence of transcriptional adaptation and its underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. \u00a0Here, by analyzing several models of transcriptional adaptation in C. elegans, zebrafish and mouse, we uncover a requirement for mutant mRNA degradation. \u00a0Alleles that fail to transcribe the mutated gene do not exhibit transcriptional adaptation, and these alleles give rise to more severe phenotypes than alleles displaying mutant mRNA decay. \u00a0Transcriptome analysis in alleles displaying mutant mRNA decay reveals the upregulation of a substantial proportion of the genes that exhibit sequence similarity with the mutated gene’s mRNA, suggesting a sequence-dependent mechanism. \u00a0Furthermore, using the C. elegans model, we uncover a requirement for factors known to be involved in small RNA maturation and transport into the nucleus including Argonaute proteins and DICER, and confirm these findings in mouse models. \u00a0These results have implications for our understanding of disease-causing mutations, and will help in the design of mutant alleles with minimal transcriptional adaptation-derived compensation.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”0″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”2px|0|72px|0px|false|false” locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Schraga-Schwartz.jpg” align=”center” _builder_version=”3.26.3″ max_width=”70%” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”90px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|desktop” always_center_on_mobile=”off” locked=”off”]
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Schraga Schwartz, PhD<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\nGroup leader, Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science<\/span>
<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=”3.26.8″ toggle_font=”||||||||” custom_margin=”15px|||”][et_pb_accordion_item open=”on” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_toggle_content=”margin-top:-30px;”]<\/p>\n
Dr. Schwartz received his B.Sc. from Tel Aviv University in Israel in 2006, where he then also conducted his PhD work in the field of RNA splicing under the supervision of Prof. Gil Ast, obtaining his PhD in 2010. Dr. Schwartz then conducted his post-doctorate at the Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard under the joint supervision of Aviv Regev and Eric Lander, where his work focused on mRNA modifications, and he established his independent laboratory at the Weizmann Institute in 2015. Dr. Schwartz has pioneered some of the key approaches for systematically detecting and quantifying RNA modifications at a transcriptome-wide scale. His lab bridges experimental and computational approaches, which jointly allowed the development of the first approach for systematically mapping N6-methyladenosine (m6A), pseudouridine, and the first approach for obtaining single-nucleotide resolution mappings of N1-methyladenosine (m1A). His lab aims to unravel the functions and mechanisms of actions through which diverse RNA modification modulate the fate of RNA, and understand how this in turns shapes cellular decision-making.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Presentation Title” _builder_version=”3.26.3″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
Deciphering the \u2018m6A code\u2019 via quantitative, antibody independent mapping<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Summary” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modification on mRNA and is implicated in critical roles in development, physiology, and disease. A major limitation has been the inability to quantify m6A stoichiometry and the lack of antibody-independent methodologies for interrogating m6A. We developed MAZTER-seq for systematic quantitative profiling of m6A at single-nucleotide resolution at 16%-25% of expressed sites, building on differential cleavage by an RNase. MAZTER-seq permits validation and de novo discovery of m6A sites, calibration of the performance of antibody-based approaches, and quantitative tracking of m6A dynamics in yeast gametogenesis and mammalian differentiation. We discover that m6A stoichiometry is “hard coded” in cis via a simple and predictable code, accounting for 33%-46% of the variability in methylation levels and allowing accurate prediction of m6A loss and acquisition events across evolution. MAZTER-seq allows quantitative investigation of m6A regulation in subcellular fractions, diverse cell types, and disease states.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”0″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”2px|0|72px|0px|false|false” locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Nadav-Ahituv.jpg” align=”center” _builder_version=”3.26.3″ max_width=”70%” custom_margin=”|||” custom_margin_tablet=”90px|||” custom_margin_last_edited=”off|desktop” always_center_on_mobile=”off” locked=”off”]
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Nadav Ahituv, PhD<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\nProfessor<\/i><\/span>
Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences<\/i><\/span>
Institute for Human Genetics<\/i><\/span>
University of California San Francisco, USA<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=”3.26.8″ toggle_font=”||||||||” custom_margin=”15px|||”][et_pb_accordion_item open=”on” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_toggle_content=”margin-top:-30px;”]<\/p>\n
Dr. Nadav Ahituv is a Professor in the Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and the Institute for Human Genetics at the University of California, San Francisco. He received his PhD in human genetics from Tel-Aviv University working on hereditary hearing loss. He then did his postdoc, specializing in functional genomics, in the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the DOE Joint Genome Institute. His current work is focused on identifying gene regulatory elements and linking nucleotide variation within them to various phenotypes including morphological differences between species, drug response and human disease. In addition, his lab is developing massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) that allow for high-throughput functional characterization of gene regulatory elements and the use of gene regulatory elements as therapeutic targets.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Presentation Title” _builder_version=”3.26.3″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
Functional characterization and therapeutic targeting of gene regulatory elements<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Summary” _builder_version=”3.26.8″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
Nucleotide variation in gene regulatory elements is a major determinant of phenotypes including morphological diversity between species, human variation and human disease. Despite continual progress in the cataloging of these elements, little is known about the code and grammatical rules that govern their function. Deciphering the code and their grammatical rules will enable high-resolution mapping of regulatory elements, accurate interpretation of nucleotide variation within them and the design of sequences that can deliver molecules for therapeutic purposes. To this end, we are using massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) to simultaneously test the activity of thousands of gene regulatory elements in parallel. By designing MPRAs to learn regulatory grammar or to carry out saturation mutagenesis of every possible nucleotide change in disease causing gene regulatory elements, we are increasing our understanding of the phenotypic consequences of gene regulatory mutations. Regulatory elements can also serve as therapeutic targets. To highlight this role, we used CRISPR\/Cas9 activation (CRISPRa) of regulatory elements to rescue a haploinsufficient disease (having ~50% dosage reduction due to having only one functional allele) in vivo. By targeting the Sim1 promoter or its 270kb distant hypothalamic enhancer, we were able to rescue the haploinsufficient obesity phenotype in Sim1 heterozygous mice, both using a transgenic and adeno-associated virus approach. Our results highlight how regulatory elements could be used as therapeutic targets to treat numerous altered gene dosage diseases.<\/p>\n
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Gang Chen, PhD<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\nAssistant Professor, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=”3.27.3″ toggle_font=”||||||||” custom_margin=”15px|||”][et_pb_accordion_item open=”on” _builder_version=”3.27.3″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_toggle_content=”margin-top:-30px;”]<\/p>\n
Dr. Gang CHEN received his B.S. degree in Chemistry at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in 2001. He did his Ph.D. studies with Prof. Douglas TURNER in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Rochester. His Ph.D. work involved thermodynamic and NMR studies of RNA internal loops. A better understanding of the sequence dependence of thermodynamics for RNA structures will improve the accuracy of the RNA secondary structure prediction programs such as MFOLD and RNAstructure. He earned his Ph.D. in 2005. He was a postdoctoral fellow in Prof. Ignacio TINOCO\u2019s lab in the Department of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley from January 2006 to June 2009. His research in Tinoco lab was on single-molecule mechanical unfolding and folding of RNA pseudoknots by laser optical tweezers, which provided new insights into ribosomal reading-frame regulation by cis-acting mRNA structures. He was a Research Associate in Prof. David MILLAR’s lab in the Department of Molecular Biology at The Scripps Research Institute working on HIV-1 Rev-RRE assembly using single-molecule fluorescence techniques. In July 2010, he joined the faculty in the Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Dr CHEN\u2019s research group in Singapore has been working on probing and targeting RNA structures. By nano-manipulation using optical tweezers in combination with other biophysical methods, the group has revealed at the single-molecule level the contributions of molecular recognition interactions such as a single hydrogen bond in a base pair or base triple to RNA folding and unfolding and characterized the effects of a single proton binding. The lab has unveiled the correlations (i) between mRNA mechanical properties and mRNA structure induced translational reading frame shifting and (ii) between mechanical properties of tau pre-mRNA splice site hairpin structures and pre-mRNA alternative splicing activities. In addition, the lab is developing a molecular recognition platform based on chemically modified Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) for the targeting of RNA structures in a sequence- and structure-specific manner. Specifically, the lab programs the dsRNA-binding PNAs (dbPNAs) with a new four-letter chemical code (T, L or R, E or S, and Q) for the recognition of RNA Watson\u2013Crick duplexes, through the formation of major-groove triples. The lab has demonstrated that short (e.g., 10-mer) PNAs containing L, R, E, S, or Q show enhanced sequence-specific recognition of RNA base pairs in dsRNAs with significantly weakened binding to ssRNAs or dsDNAs at near-physiological conditions. The cell culture studies show that PNAs conjugated with small molecules are bioactive in the targeting of viral and cellular RNAs. The lab is further developing the dbPNAs platform as useful diagnostic tools and therapeutic drugs to fight against viral infections, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases.<\/p>\n
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Targeting RNA sequences and structures with a PNA-based programmable platform<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Summary” _builder_version=”3.27.3″ open=”off”]<\/p>\n
RNAs perform a diverse array of catalytic and regulatory functions in viruses and cells and are becoming increasingly important disease biomarkers and drug targets. RNA structures are mainly stabilized by base paired double-stranded (ds) stem regions. Together with single-stranded (ss) loop regions, RNAs can fold into complex secondary and tertiary structures, facilitating the molecular recognition of RNA structures by small molecules and peptides\/proteins. Currently, programmable RNA structure-specific and tight-binding ligands are relatively unexplored. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is characterized by a neutral, peptide-like backbone, with superior chemical stability and strong binding to complementary RNA\/DNA sequences. Importantly, PNAs conjugated with cell-penetrating moieties show promising bioactivities in animal models. In this presentation, I will present our results on the synthesis and biophysical characterization of the novel chemically-modified dsRNA-binding PNAs (dbPNAs), which show selective recognition of dsRNAs over ssRNAs and dsDNAs in a sequence-specific manner. dbPNAs and traditional antisense PNAs (asPNAs) can be combined to \u00a0serve as useful dsRNA-ssRNA junction-specific molecular glues for the probing and targeting of many biologically and medically important RNA structures in transcriptomes. I will discuss the applications of the PNAs platform in targeting a miRNA hairpin precursor, a tau pre-mRNA splice site hairpin structure, and an influenza viral RNA structure.<\/p>\n
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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Nucleic acids science plays a key role in precision medicine, genetic therapy and new solutions for human health. Continuous discovery of new RNA functions and constant emergence of innovative nucleic acids technologies are driving forces for the field and hold enormous promise for the future scientific and technological progress. The China Nucleic Acids Forum (CNAF) led by Nobel Prize winners is an international forum at the forefront of these developments, aims to push forward communications and collaborations in and abroad, and has been successfully held five times since 2013. The CNAF has attracted high-profile speakers, including Nobel Prize winners, to highlight recent advances in nucleic-acid based medicine, scientific discoveries, diagnostics and industrial trends. It has been widely recognized as the premier forum in Asia for advancing nucleic acids research and drug development. The 2019 CNAF will feature 20+ globally prominent experts discussing the latest advances in nucleic acids research and development.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”25.25px|0px|0|0px|false|false”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/en\/cnaf\/register\/” button_text=”Register Now” button_alignment=”right” _builder_version=”3.16″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”16px” button_text_color=”#ffffff” button_bg_color=”#383838″ button_border_width=”1px” button_border_color=”#ffffff” button_font=”||||||||” background_layout=”dark” button_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off”]
\n[\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”3.22″ custom_padding=”0|0px|0px|0px|false|false”][et_pb_fullwidth_code use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”#ccc” background_color_gradient_end=”#ccc” custom_padding=”35px||35px|” custom_css_main_element=”text-align:center;line-height:50%;color:black;”] \u00a9 2013-16 China Nucleic Acids Forum (CNAF) | \u7ca4ICP\u590705022931\u53f7-2<\/pee>[\/et_pb_fullwidth_code][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” module_id=”icon_banner_en” _builder_version=”3.22″ background_image=”https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/E-2019-CNAF-banner.jpg” custom_margin=”0px|||” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_css_main_element=”height:340px;”][et_pb_fullwidth_code _builder_version=”4.0.9″]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2750,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-template-blank.php","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8218"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8218"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8330,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8218\/revisions\/8330"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnaf.org.cn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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